This systematic review, funded by the UK Department for International Development (DfID), synthesizes qualitative evidence on barriers to and facilitators of women’s participation in higher or growing productivity and male-dominated labour market sectors in low- and middle-income countries. We systematically reviewed qualitative research to address the following key question: what are the main barriers to, and facilitators of, women’s employment in male-dominated sectors with higher or growing productivity in low- and middle-income countries? A better understanding of these barriers and facilitators can inform efforts to increase women’s economic empowerment.